Parts of Speech (Jenis Kata)

First, look at the following sample questions. See if you can answer these questions correctly.
1. The man ran (quickly/ quick/ with quick) on the street last night.
2. Please, listen (careful/ carefully/ with careful). It's very important.
3. Your (success/ succeed/ successful) depends on yoursef.
4. Kajol has very (beauty/ beautiful/ beautifully) eyes.

O.K, can you answer the questions above?
The answers for number one is quickly. In indonesia we translate it into dengan/ secara cepat. For number two, the answer is carefully, which means dengan/ secara hati-hati in Indonesian. For number 3, the answer is success, which means kebehasilan in Indonesian. And the last number, the answer is beautiful. In indonesia, beautiful means(berarti) indah/ cantik.

Discussion:
For number 1, the sentence should read: The man ran quickly on the street last night. (Laki-laki itu berlari dengan/ secara cepat di jalan tadi malam). You must use quickly(adverb/ kata keterangan) in this sentence. Quickly "menerangkan" ran(berlari). If you use quick, it only means "cepat", and if you use "With quick", it is not correct English, although with is "dengan", and quick is "cepat".

For number 2, the sentence should read: Please, listen carefully! It's very important. (Tolong dengarkan dengan/ secara hati-hati/ seksama! Ini sangat penting).
Again here, Carefully is an adverb(kata keterangan yang menerangkan kata kerja Listen).

For number 3, the sentence should read: Your success depends on yourself. (Keberhasilanmu tergantung pada dirimu sendiri). Here, we cannot use "Succeed" because it is a verb(kata Kerja). and we cannot use "successful", either because successful is an adjective(kata sifat).

For number 4, the sentence should read: Kajol has very beutiful eyes. (Kajol mempunyai mata yang sangat indah). You have to use beautiful(Adjective/ kata sifat untuk menerangkan "eyes"). You cannot use "beauty"(keindahan-kata benda), nor "beautify" (Menperindah-Kata kerja).

So, You must know the part of speech(jenis Kata) so that you can use the correct word.

Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

To begin with, Let me say that all passive sentences in English have verb 3 in them.
Examples: 1. The computer is being repaired now. (Komputer itu sedang di perbaiki sekarang).
2. That tv is watched everyday. (Televisi itu di lihat setiap hari).
3. That question has been answered. (Pertanyaan itu telah di jawab).
All passive sentences in English, if translated(di terjemahkan) in Indonesian language will be -di... . For example, -di pukul..., -sedang di baca...,-akan di bersihkan..., etc. so, here are the four basic types of passive sentences in English I have formulated.
1. -di...
...is/ am/ are + V3 (Present/ Masa sekarang)
...was/were + V3 ( Past/ Masa lampau)
The pool is cleaned(V3) every day. ( Kolam itu di bersihkan setiap hari).
My cat was kicked(V3) by Joko yesterday. (Kucing saya di tendang oleh Joko kemarin).

2. -sedang di...
...is/ am/ are + being + V3 (present)
...was/ were + being + V3 (Past)
The wall is being painted(V3) by father now. tembok itu sedang di cat oleh ayah sekarang).
The newspaper was being read(V3) by my brother when I came home last night. (Koran sedang di baca oleh saudara laki-laki saya ketika saya pulang tadi malam).

3. -telah di...
...Have/has + been + V3 (Present)
...Had + been + V3 (Past)
The question has been answered. (Pertanyaan itu telah di jawab).
Or, we can say, the question has already been answered; The question has been answered already is also possible.
The work had been done before/when we left for Jakarta last night. (Pekerjaan itu telah di kerjakan sebelum/ ketika kita berangkat ke Jakarta semalam).

4. -akan di...
...will + be + V3
That painting will be exhibited tomorrow. (Lukisan itu akan di pamerkan besok).

Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronouns:
Who, Whom, Whose, Which, Where, When, Why.
Who: For humans as subject. Meaning in Indonesian is "Yang"
Whom: For humans as object. Meaning in Indonesian is "Yang"
Which: For non-humans as subject or object. Meaning in Indonesian is "Yang"
Whose: For possesion. Meaning in Indonesian is "Yang .... nya"

Explanations for Who, Whom, Which, and Whose;
Who
That is the lady who asked me the way to the station yesterday. (Itu adalah wanita yang bertanya kepadaku jalan ke arah stasiun kemarin). Here, Who=Yang is for human (the lady), and is followed by asked=bertanya. It means Who=Yang is a subject(who-the lady-asked. the lady=suject, asked=predicate.
Whom
I know the man whom you met at the hall lastnight. (Saya kenal laki-laki yang kamu jumpai di aula tadi malam). Here, whom=yang is for human(the man), and is followed by you met. from you met, the subject is you. so, whom must be object.
Which
That is the computer which father bought yesterday. (Itu adalah komputer yang di beli ayah kemarin).Yang=which is for non human(the computer).
Whose
The boy whose bike was stolen last week is still very sad now. (Anak laki-laki yang sepedanya di curi minggu lalu masih sangat sedih sekarang). here, whose= yang...nya, in this sentence whose bike=yang sepeda nya. it shows possession.

Where, When, and Why:
Where is a relative pronoun used to show place.
This city is where I was born. Here, where is used as a reference for (Sebagai acuan untuk) this city.
When is a relative pronoun used to show time.
I do not renenber the day when I visited her place. Here, when is used as a reference for the day.
Why is a relative pronoun used to explain a reason.
we do not understand why she wants to do it.